Some of the local elites that the Svernians encounter are happy to help with a survey once the idea is successfully communicated to them (there is somewhat of a language barrier), however the inland ruler opposes it for various reasons including the strategic disadvantage of a nation having maps of his nation and he not having maps of the other, as well as the belief that such a survey may make foreigners independent of local guides which the Shah has given a monopoly to. However, the Shah's control over regional coastal rulers is flexible (bordering weak if not for centralized military power) and to maintain local-national stability he allows individual coastal districts to do as they see fit.
Orient voyage reaches the orient without any great catastrophes and finds Waos-Peng. I'm assuming that this is by boat, otherwise ignore this, walking or riding horseback would have different results.
You do know that India made much more and better cotton than the Americas did at this time? The American mission finds limited slave based cotton farming in the south, but a regional economy more focused on other cash crops such as indigo and tobacco (and some other stuff). The cotton industry has been expanding as in the north limited textile production exists aided by mills and whatnot (nothing complex). The American mission also encounters Avalonian ships trading cash crops for iron and coal.
Pretty much everywhere I'm going to steal a little bit from reality but drastically alter things. For instance I have pre Civil War economics happening in America and no Civil War. As a whole most places will be more or less stable and neutral toward player nations. People who form new nations can basically overwrite existing white space goings on (if Badspot made a nation in India he could ignore the sectarian issues there and be fascist or whatever).
After elections on island nations are swayed by Avalonian agents to result in pro-Avalonian candidate victories, Avalonian has free trade with these nations, opening Avalonian industry up to an economy almost entirely consisting of cash crops similar to those of Avalonia. These victories have also led to an Avalonian spearheaded Caribbean multinational effort to ensure safety in local waters and prevent piracy. The Caribbean Waters Defense League gives multinational "Protector Vessels" the right to take "appropriate action" against smuggling, piracy, and even to counteract regional threats to safety. Most of the Caribbean islands are a part of CWDL, but many are not, and Avalonian covertly sends in agents there as well to cause them to join this regional improvement. The Kingdom of Panama has taken a stand in opposition to the CWDL, seeing it as a grab by Avalonia to extend its sphere, and has offered asylum to pirates, corsairs, smugglers, &c. at certain ports within its boundaries.