You'll need clearance from the FAA, and you will have to meet their many stringent requirements for a safe, controlled launch.
The generally entails launching it from a site far away from civilization within a specified launch window so as to not endanger any being/property. You will have to prove to them that the rocket is safe and predictable.
There are large, commercially available, amateur rocket engines available that can provide enough thrust to launch large rockets (20ft tall+) high into Earth's atmosphere, but these are expensive, closely regulated (Permit required for purchases/operation) and will still not be enough to achieve orbit.
There are a couple of companies that offer launch services for satellites, but these "rides" can easily cost thousands of dollars per pound or cubic unit of volume. This would be the easiest, simplest, most likely to succeed option for getting your payload into orbit.
The main challenge is designing the satellite itself. It isn't as simple as sticking a small computer up there with a solar panel from Radioshack. There are huge temperature extremes to insulate from, solar radiation can damage unprotected electronics, and tracking/communicating with an object travelling that high up at those speeds is a technical nightmare. I'm part of a team at my university that is putting together a UAV and even after I negotiated a big discount with a certain company, the radio modem system to establish a regular TCP/IP connection over 10/20 Km costs about $2000; a system with the kind of capability you'd need would easily exceed $10,000.
