Back then USB was only used for computer hardware.
Back then USB didn't exist and it was all via serial cable and a null modem.
EDIT: I'm not sure if this is more efficient than just having the charger. Needing a transformer to take down 220v AC to 5v DC adds some infrastructure costs. And you still need the phone's cable and you can't remove the plug and take it everywhere you go. IMO, not very useful unless it's in a building without computers. But then again, a charger is more mobile than this and you don't need to worry if the USB was installed correctly or not.