can someone help me with a couple of chemistry questions?

[Placid]

but that the representative particle for CaF₂ is a formula unit. why isn't it a molecule?
I understand why the representative particle for N is an atom and an ion for Ca²⁺
but what's the difference between substances whose representative particle is a formula unit or a molecule?

yep, this is why.
if i'm not mistaken, when you have an ionic compound, in the compound if you were to draw it out, they would be positive and negative ions held together by their charge. so if you had a 3-ion molecule, you would find the number of molecules and then multiply it by 3 to find the number of representative particles.

ex: in water, the compound is all H₂O and the molecules are held together by H-bonds and are full molecules. however, in an ionic compound like NaCl, if you were to draw out the crystalline structure you'd come out with something like this

Na⁺ Cl^-  Na⁺
Cl^-  Na⁺ Cl^-
Na⁺ Cl^-  Na⁺

since they're not full molecules you count them as separate representative particles

50: They're all the same.
51: 1mol of C₂H₆ because there are more atoms bonded together.

and this is right for 50 and 51.

also, if you need more help i'm in AP chem (2nd year) and i'm willing to help you as long as i'm not busy out of my mind (which may happen soon enough) so you can message me on steam or something

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[Aide33]

wow this is really weird

I just finished my chemistry homework and got on and saw this thread

chemistry is following me help

[Night Fox]

x

sooo, if it's an ionic compound, it's a formula unit?

[Placid]

sooo, if it's an ionic compound, it's a formula unit?

if it's an ionic compound, the representative particles are the ions that make up the ionic compound. if it's not generally it should be just the molecule.

[Gumba Jonny]

that sort of makes sense because ions arent exactly bound to eachother like molecules are because with their covalent bond

but wait wait can you explain what a hybrid orbital is??

[Doomonkey]

but wait wait can you explain what a hybrid orbital is??

The Carbon atom has 4 valence electrons. 2 of these electrons are in an s orbital and 2 are in a p orbital. If Carbon were to form a bond with four Hydrogen atoms, all of these bonds would need to be equal in energy. We know that in Carbon's valence level, there is 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals. When the bonds form between Carbon and the four Hydrogen atoms, these orbitals hybridize to form 4 sp³ orbitals.

Basically, you take the number of bonds that are equal in energy and determine the hybrid orbital from there. 4 bonds is an sp³, 3 is an sp², and 2 is an sp. Obviously, things get a little more complicated with d orbitals and delocalized bonding, but that is the basics.