From what I've heard, matlab tends to be used more within a research environment, and python more where there's actual developing. I just took a computer vision course this past semester, and we all pressured the prof to go over to python for next time around.
I started out in high school with C, then Java. Rehashed both at college, learned, in order, L3 assembly, some C++, JavaScript, (I guess matlab counts), python, SQL, and am using C# for my capstone project.
As someone one semester from the end, here are my impressions, you may find them useful:
- Understand discrete math well, because it's the logical foundation on which most everything is built. They weren't lying when they said that (some) math would be important.
- Machine learning is a big thing and has bled into every higher level course I've taken. Look into it; you don't have to know the cutting edge stuff right away, but having at least a conceptual understanding of this stuff early will save you a lot of hassle down the road when you're trying to wrap your head around it and what it's being applied to. Some beforehand knowledge on matrices, vectors, and the linear algebra that goes with them will be useful.
- Beyond just languages, familiarize yourself with development environments. Eclipse, Visual Studio, etc. have a lot of functionality that most can't and don't use to the full. Knowing how to use these and other tools (like git) well will give you a leg up.
- Network, network, network. And do it early. (duh)