I've attached a few sample logs. It appears that this is where it crashes.
21:10:59.40632 (1.4086223) We picked: DeviceType: D3DDEVTYPE_HAL Resolution: 1420x800 AdapterFormat: D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8 BackBufferFormat: D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8 BehaviorFlags: 64 Windowed: 1 PresentParameters: 0x
0000058c 00000320 00000016 00000002 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000
00000001 00000001 0000004d 00000002 00000000 80000000
21:10:59.40632 (1.4086223) Probing D3D for suitable Device...
21:10:59.40632 (1.4126210) Attempting to find closest D3DDevice to: DeviceType: D3DDEVTYPE_HAL Resolution: 1024x768 AdapterFormat: D3DFMT_UNKNOWN BackBufferFormat: D3DFMT_UNKNOWN BehaviorFlags: 0 Windowed: 0 PresentParameters: 0x
00000400 00000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
21:10:59.40632 (1.4236174) We picked: DeviceType: D3DDEVTYPE_HAL Resolution: 1024x768 AdapterFormat: D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8 BackBufferFormat: D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8 BehaviorFlags: 64 Windowed: 0 PresentParameters: 0x
00000400 00000300 00000016 00000002 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000
00000000 00000001 0000004d 00000002 0000003c 00000000
21:10:59.40632 (1.6086634) Initializing CrashEvent request, url: --Blocked Roblox Link --filename=C:\Users\Jay\AppData\Local\Roblox\logs\log_F2175 0, 67, 0, 621.crashevent
And D3DDEVTYPE relates to DirectX? I'll attempt to get another log when I switch the renderer to OpenGL in a few minutes...
Update: It seems Roblox is actually working right now, which is astounding. Might as well consider this issue fixed for now. Thanks for all your help, bros.