Can anyone explain the "Science" Behind the farlands?
It's all due to something called floating point numbers. In order to store a number you need things called bits, and a "float" has 32 of them.
Floating point numbers store their numbers in the form
Significant digits × 2exponent, and Significant digits gets 23 bits, and exponent gets 8 bits.
Now what happens when you get into really big numbers is that the exponent gets so big that the significant digits no longer can reach the accuracy that's required to render the game normally for you, and then you get the weird artifacting you see in the "farlands." That's why it's so far out as well.
Think of it like lossy image compression where it tries to fit a 2000x2000 image in the same amount of space as a 100x100 picture. The float throws away so much information that you end up getting weird results, as you would if you tried to fit a 2000x2000 image in 50kb.
