Just gonna point out that edge is not necessarily synonymous with side. In terms of sides, that definition doesn't work. In mathematical terms, that's just an arc. ;)
A bit of googling only yields precise definitions for a side in the context of polygons, so I don't really see any reason to insist that we apply that definition to something that isn't a polygon.
Just because a perfect circle isn't a polygon doesn't mean we can't use a limit to get the answer I got.
That's the entire POINT of limits: To find values which you can't normally reach, to get values that might be outside of the domain of what you're dealing with.
For example, the value of (x^2-1)/(x-1) is not defined at x=1. It simply does not exist. You cannot say it has a value at one at all, that's simply the definition of the equation. However, you can use a limit to still get an answer of 1.
A limit is one way of going about it, but referencing that second link I posted up there, it's flawed in that it doesn't distinguish between figures that we'd like to say have different numbers of sides, such as a circle, a semicircle, and this thing:

If we tried to figure out the number of sides of that thing using a limit, we'd just get infinity, the same as a circle.