I had a similar problem 2 weeks ago, when I created a disk partition with some third-party tool instead of using the default Windows one.
That program replaced the boot loader while restarting (to create the partition), and didn't restore it afterwards.
I had Windows 7 and Linux Mint installed with GRUB, and on startup, GRUB went into recovery mode. There was no way I could restore the configuration. To make matters worse, booting off of a live CD never qorked , even though I had set the BIOS to use the optical drive first.
So I ended up having to say, "forget the data", and do a clean installation with Windows 8 (I managed to have a copy on hand
d). Although the data and partitions were still there, I simply could not recover it, so I just over-wrote everything.
So never use a third-party disk tool.