log2(1/2) = log(2-1) = -1
there really isn't much better way to do it but if you get something like:
log4(32)
you can split multiples into separate logs, like:
= log4(2*16) = log4(2) + log4(16) = 0.5 + 2 = 2.5
also just curious what math class are you in (Alg I, Alg II, College Alg, Precalc...?)