SoftwareHere is a brief description of what everything is
Photoshop is a graphic software for editing and manipulating images. Photoshop is aimed for professional use but there are are free alternatives like gimp or paint.net

Illustrator is a piece of software that lets you draw illustrations, mainly using vectors (Aka bezier curves) but there are many other tools withing it to create amazing illustrations.

Indesign is a DTP program (Aka desktop-publishing) to create printed matter such as flyers, posters, even your local newspaper. P much everything that is profesionally printed is made in indesign.

Premier pro is timeline based video editing program thats... Well lets you edit videos with keyframes n stuff. A popular alternative is Sony Vegas, Wich I also prefer to use over premier.

After effects is like the god of special effects, If you are not a professional user you are going to have to pay with your kidney to get a copy of this. Basicly after effects is made to create special effects and is the prefered software in hollywood. In p sure every modern movie has atleast one part edited in after effects.

Dreamweaver lets you code m stuff, mainly used for web development. HTML, CSS, PHP, Javascript and other sutff can be coded withing this. Good alternatives is sublime and notepad++

Flash is made for web animations and games and stuff. Happy three friends is made with this fyi.
These are p much the most used software in adobe. You also have Fuse, Audition, Muse, Incopy, Prelude, speedgrade and some other stuff no one cares about. They have many free alternatives and are not worth checking out imo.