I can't do the politics questionnaire. Never heard of any of those words before, and basic research didn't help me understand either.
Hope this will help. If you want to see more added to the lest, just let me know.
CentrismA political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy; while opposing political changes which would result in a significant shift of society either strongly to the left or the right. Centre-left and centre-right politics both involve a general association with centrism combined while leaning somewhat to their respective sides of the spectrum.
TL;DR: Centrists are devoted to maintaining a balance within society that mutually benefits everyone. Although they may have their own interests, this balance is more important to them.
AuthoritarianismA form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. Juan Linz's influential 1964 description of authoritarianism characterized authoritarian political systems by four qualities:
1. Limited political pluralism; that is, such regimes place constraints on political institutions and groups like legislatures, political parties and interest groups
2. Basis for legitimacy based on emotion, especially the identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat "easily recognizable societal problems" such as underdevelopment or insurgency;
3. Minimal social mobilization most often caused by constraints on the public like suppression of political opponents and anti-regime activity
4. Informally defined executive power with often vague and shifting powers.
TL;DR: Authoritarians are devoted to a rigid social order characterized by a defined stratification. Those above exert their will upon those below them and limit how much power those below them may have.
LibertarianismA political philosophy that upholds liberty as its principal objective. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and freedom of choice, emphasizing political freedom, voluntary association, and the primacy of individual judgment.
TL;DR: Contrary to
Conservatism, Libertarians are devoted to striving for personal liberty above all else. Freedom of choice is
sacrosanct.
ConservatismConservatism as a political and social philosophy promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others, called reactionaries, oppose modernism and seek a return to "the way things were."
TL;DR: Conservatives prefer to retain social and political systems that in their mind are tried and true.
LiberalismA political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Whereas classical liberalism emphasizes the role of liberty, social liberalism stresses the importance of equality.
TL;DR Contrary to
Conservatism, Liberalism focuses on the continual and further pursuit of liberties, often those not yet gained by the public.
ElitismElitism is the belief or attitude that some individuals who form an elite—a select group of people with a certain ancestry, intrinsic quality or worth, high intellect, wealth, specialized training or experience, or other distinctive attributes—are those whose influence or authority is greater than that of others; whose views on a matter are to be taken more seriously or carry more weight; whose views or actions are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole; or whose extraordinary skills, abilities, or wisdom render them especially fit to govern.
TL;DR: Elitism believes that certain individuals are naturally better and therefore are naturally fit to rule. This could be granted automatically or gained through attainment of favor.
EgalitarianismA trend of thought that favors equality for all people. Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status.
TL;DR Contrary to
Elitism, Egalitarianism views all people as equal regardless of any circumstances.
SacosanctRegarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with.
Constituentfrom: Dictionary.comA person who authorizes another to act in his or her behalf, as a voter in a district represented by an elected official.
Other forms: • Constituency A body of constituents; the voters or residents in a district represented by an elective officer.
Market/MarketplaceIn politics and economics, the field of trade and business.