There is no such thing as a universal frame-rate. The closest you're going to get is the fact that Light travels at roughly about 299,792,458m/s. I'm not very good at math, but somebody smarter could convert this value down to the exact amount of "ticks" in a second where new light is travelling through the Earth.
What's more interesting is human perception of movement. Light is bounced into our eyes at which point it is processed and turned into "information", which means that there is no standard or constant rate on how fast that information will be processed, as it depends entirely on your eyesight, your brain and the environment.
Movies run at 24FPS because that was the standard set up when cinemas moved from silent (which ran between 16 - 26) to sound movies. Since 22 - 26 were the most common framerates for film, they decided to go right down the middle and set the standard of 24.
Nowadays, the equipment used in cinemas is HIGHLY specialised and must run at exactly 24FPS, and so this is why all films are recorded and edited to 24FPS. It's the same reason why the 48FPS version of The Hobbit was only shown at select cinemas which had purchased the appropriate equipment.
