this is how you phase out of using oil and other nonrenewables
not through subsidies and restrictions, but through R&D
way to go oldie
well even if the tech exists companies tend to make very little production line changes if they can avoid it. subsidies and restrictions strongly encourage/force companies to avoid certain practices and follow more environmentally friendly ones. even if said tech is fundamentally cheaper, the cost of switching tends to make companies very wary of changing.
as an example: my dad works in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, and the chips that run their machines are literally over 2 decades old, only because they dont want to risk
any chance of screwing up their production capabilities or software problems. they only switched recently because the manufacturer, intel, stopped manufacturing those chips. given that each machine the company sells goes for ~$10 million (and they sell thousands of units per year), its not surprising that they are so hesitant to update their hardware/software if it works in its current state.
the main issue circles around whether or not restrictions/subsidies is a good way to make companies change their practices. tech improvements alone wont guarantee it, unless there are so many benefits that make it outweigh all the possible ways things can go wrong when switching + the cost of switching. this is very likely be one of those few cases, but you can't expect every case to be so cut and dry like this.
