PCPartPicker part list:
http://pcpartpicker.com/p/1kzxQPrice breakdown by merchant:
http://pcpartpicker.com/p/1kzxQ/by_merchant/Benchmarks:
http://pcpartpicker.com/p/1kzxQ/benchmarks/CPU: AMD FX-8320 3.5GHz 8-Core Processor ($149.99 @ Microcenter)
Motherboard: Biostar A960D+ Micro ATX AM3+ Motherboard ($39.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Memory: Wintec Value 8GB (2 x 4GB) DDR3-1333 Memory ($53.48 @ Amazon)
Storage: Western Digital Caviar Blue 1TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive ($59.98 @ Outlet PC)
Video Card: XFX Radeon HD 7950 3GB Video Card ($239.99 @ NCIX US)
Case: Raidmax ATX-298WR ATX Mid Tower Case ($23.25 @ Newegg)
Power Supply: CoolMax 500W 80 PLUS Certified ATX12V / EPS12V Power Supply ($24.99 @ Newegg)
Optical Drive: Lite-On iHAS124-04 DVD/CD Writer ($16.99 @ Newegg)
Total: $608.66
(Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available.)
(Generated by PCPartPicker 2013-07-25 14:47 EDT-0400)
Close enough to $600, mission accomplished.
Although you would have to drop $700 initially, the rebates would drop the price to damn close to $600. If you already have an operating system, that is.