How do you allocate more memory to Minecraft safely? As in, how do you do it without risking other programs that require it from crashing?
"Safely"? By being smart. When you allocate more RAM it doesn't automatically use up 100% of that amount. It just allows that program to use more if necessary (which in most cases it won't depending on what it is). I have 6GB, I hover around 1.5-2 GB used with just basic programs open. I allocated 4GB to Minecraft but in most cases it'll only use anywhere from 800MB-1GB of RAM.
You allocate more by running a command from command prompt (or making a .bat/batch file that does the same thing in a shortcut).
@echo off
echo Launching...
echo ### Launched Minecraft Successfully ###
@echo on
javaw -Xmx4096m -Xms2048m -jar "C:\Users\Nick\Desktop\Minecraft.exe"
@echo off
exit
Xmx is the maximum, Xms is the minimum. Edit the jar directory as needed. Works in Windows. If it says "javaw is not a valid command", update Java.