This may have been said already, but I don't feel like reading.
First of all, it wasn't an overseer that released the gas. In fact, only vault 101 had an overseer.
Every vault had something wrong with it, but on purpose. The Vault-tech program was a huge experiment. Vault 101's "problem" was the fact that an overseer existed. Of course, that also evetually failed... somewhat.
Anyway, here's a list:
LA Vault The Vault-Tec demonstration Vault. It was not part of the experiment, and was the Master's Vault under the Cathedral in Fallout.
Vault 8 A control Vault, intended to open and re-colonize the surface after 10 years. Vault City is the result.
Vault 12 In order to study the effects of radiation on the selected population, the Vault Door was designed not to close. This is the Necropolis Vault... and the ghouls were the result.
Vault 13 Intended to stay closed for 200 years as a study of prolonged isolation, the broken water chip forced the Overseer to improvise and use the Vault Dweller as a pawn. Later study of the Vault 13 records by the Enclave led them to their current plan to end the war.
Vault 15 Intended to stay closed for 50 years and include people of radically diverse ideologies. Gathered from what you hear from Aradesh in Fallout 1, he has quite a bit of multicultural flavouring to his speech. The birthplace of three Raider groups and Shady Sands.
Vault 21 Compulsive gamblers were filed into this Vault.
Vault 27 This Vault would be overcrowded deliberately. 2000 people would be assigned to enter, double the total sustainable amount.
Vault 29 No one in this Vault was over the age of 15 when they entered. Parents were redirected to other
Vaults on purpose. Harold is believed to have come from this Vault.
Vault 34 The armory was overstocked with weapons and ammo and not provided with a lock.
Vault 36 The food extruders were designed to produce only a thin, watery gruel.
Vault 39 Original purpose unknown.
Vault 42 No light bulbs of more than 40 watts were provided.
Vault 43 Populated by twenty men, ten women, and one panther.
Vault 53 Most of the equipment was designed to break down every few months. While repairable, the breakdowns were intended to stress the inhabitants unduly.
Vault 55 All entertainment tapes were removed.
Vault 56 All entertainment tapes were removed except those of one particularly bad comic actor. Sociologists predicted failure before Vault 55.
Vault 68 Of the one thousand people who entered, there was only one woman.
Vault 69 Of the one thousand people who entered, there was only one man.
Vault 70 All jumpsuit extruders fail after 6 months. Most of the inhabitants were Mormons.
Vault 74 A very small vault consisting only of the Overseer's office, atrium, clinic, and quarters (blocked). Capital Wasteland
Vault 76 This Vault was designed as a control group for the vault experiment like Vault 8, intended to open and re-colonize the surface after 20 years. Fallout 3
Vault 77 Stated in comic to be populated by one man and a crate full of puppets, in Fallout 3 a Jumpsuit is acquirable at Paradise Falls.
Vault 87 A Forced Evolutionary Virus research facility Capital Wasteland Fallout 3
Vault 92 Populated largely by renowned musicians, this vault was a test bed for a white noise-based system for implanting combat-oriented posthypnotic suggestions. Capital Wasteland Fallout 3
Vault 101 Evaluation of performance of an omnipotent Overseer in a closed community Capital Wasteland Fallout 3
Vault 106 Psychoactive drugs were released into the air filtration system 10 days after the Door was sealed. Fallout 3
Vault 108 The vault houses a cloning lab and all (surviving) residents are clones of one man called Gary. Capital Wasteland Fallout 3
Vault 112 Home of Tranquility Lane virtual reality simulator. Capital Wasteland Fallout 3
Unfinished Vault A fenced construction place in a small cave north from Vaults 13 and 15.
Vault 0 A special Vault designed to "monitor and control" other Vaults.
Secret Vault A secret Vault dedicated to protect high-members of Vault-Tec and used to research the latest technologies and the Forced Evolutionary Virus.
Vault Prototype A small Vault-Tec facility used as the base of operations by the Brotherhood of Steel.
