i thought raid would work by making exact copies of the drives
That depends on the kind of RAID youre setting up
RAID 0 just stripes your data across multiple disks. If one fails, all fails IIRC
RAID 1 is the first RAID level that mirrors data from one hard disk to another, so that data is intact if one drive fails.
RAID 2 is more rare to see but is similar to RAID 1
Most RAID levels beyond that have some sort of error correction / parity feature alongside disk mirroring, RAID 0 just writes data onto multiple disks, so that each disk has different data that when combined creates an output