If you don't want to cap industry, then you'll find that most of the damage from climate change is actually permanent. You cannot bring extinct species back to life, or remove trillions of tons of CO2 from oceans and the atmosphere, or revive destroyed ecosystems, or rebuild cities that are 20 feet underwater.
Could we adapt? Absolutely. But why not just handle this the easy way when it is literally the easiest, cheapest time to do so?
I think it'd be a simple matter of allowing the ocean and forests to heal. We'd have to stop any countries that are dumping into rivers that flow out into the ocean, ocean dumping period, and probably forcefully end deforestation in any countries using it to expand. We'd also have to compensate these countries because their people need to eat. China's industry would have to be capped and regulated (last time I checked I think they were working towards that? Correct me if I'm wrong), same with India and other industry developing countries.
I don't think there's enough money in the world to fund all of that. If climate change is truly the end of the human race as we know it then it'd require immediate and draconian measures, and I don't think anyone is ready to go full on Command and Conquer yet.
Assuming it's too late for all that, then Juncoph is right and the easiest way to solve this barring going to war with certain countries is to engineer CO2 scrubbing operations. Plants that consume more CO2, some giant CO2 scrubber. Anything. I think people have to relax. Just a little.