Understanding the brain alone will take a hell of a long time. Getting enough power to emulate the trillions of neural synapses is something that we are far from achieving.
http://www.top500.org/blog/an-83000-processor-supercomputer-can-only-match-1-of-your-brain/
Also jobs like doctors cant be replaced entirely by robots. The surgeons hand and muscle memory is far superior to what any robot could ever do. Besides, I don't think anybody will trust his life to a robot anytime soon. Robots will simply make jobs easier, not replace human workers.
https://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/new-microsurgery-robot-is-five-times-as-precise-as-a-human-hand/Robots are inherently better than humans at surgery. You picked the worst example for this.
Ultimately whether or not it is possible to replicate the human mind in software form (doubtful imo but whatever), robots are expensive. They're good for simple, high volume tasks like an assembly line where by volume alone you can still make a profit despite high operating costs, but for something like construction where you have a lot of varied, smaller tasks, and the division of labor is less economical and therefore less conducive to the individual niche of a given robot, humans are cheaper even when you factor in sick days and weekends and stuff.
Also, you have to pay humans, but there are operating costs associated with running a robot. Power isn't cheap.
People freaked out about industrialization, the lifespan increased and people still had jobs. People freaked out about computers. Now most people own a phone and still have jobs. People freak out over robots and...
Either way the rumba still hasn't bankrupted every cleaning business. Whether or not you believe the brain can be programmed into a computer, I find it unlikely that machines can ever do much more than aide humans in most instances.
Everything is inherently emulatable. Anything can be emulated once you hit the level where processing power is good enough to emulate subatomic particles. The difference between this and industrialization is that there is no foreseeable job that can't be done by a robot (theoretically) so we must change society's values
I like robots. If we had the scientific ability to transfer someone's consciousness into a robot body, I totally would.
I can see no way that this wouldn't be a robot with all your memories and personality. (unless they plucked your brain out of your head, which is feasible)
On hand-made parts: They are typically of higher quality of what a robot can do because humans have eyes, where most robots do not.
Are you serious? lol
It'd be stupid to have a robot detect an imperfection, and then to have more robots set up ahead in case there are imperfections. It's a logistical nightmare.
If there are no imperfections anywhere earlier in the design process, there won't be a problem. Robots.
pretty much all discussion about "quality" is moot anyway because the precise robotics necessary to surpass even the most basic human work quality are far more expensive than manual labour
But they'll get cheaper, as personal computers did.
First off, calm the forget down. This is about more than "trembling." The human body is too complicated to just leave to a robot. Would a robot be able to recognize what exactly to cut in a human body? Would it be able to distinguish different organs and recognize the problem if something went wrong mid surgery? Would a robot be able to duplicate human interaction and provide a sense of calm and security in patients? I've talked to many doctors and medical students, and most tell me the same thing. Robots may replace a surgeons hands, they may be fully integrated to work side by side with doctors, but they will never be able to fully replace a medical professional.
I'm going to number your questions.
1. Yes. XRAYs and MRIs allow them to see the internal anatomy perfectly and make perfect incisions.
2. Yes. (using vision processing)
3. If the human is awake for surgery, they can take comfort in the fact that whoever employs the robot had withheld from using robots until they were made to be better than all (or most) human surgeons. (The same argument is made for self driving cars. Self driving cars don't need to be perfect, just better than humans)
Of course they could replace a medical professional. Watch the video, there is a whole part about professionals.
But, what if some starfish created a ultra electromagnetic field near a bunch of bots, would it disable them or what?
What if some starfish just shot all the human workers? Would it disable them or what?
Industrial espionage m8
Most labor jobs such as warehousing or mass production will definitely be taken over by robotic applications. However, there will always be jobs in agriculture, science, military, and a ton of others i don't want to think of mentioning.
There may be some robots within these areas, but humans will always be the majority.
If we're going to employ any robots in those fields (research, for example) then they will theoretically eventually replace all humans for their cost effectiveness (assuming we don't hit any laws of the universe or physics that prevent us from upholding Moore's law)